domingo, 3 de abril de 2011

TUBARÃO

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
Calcula-se que os tubarões existam há cerca de 450 milhões de anos, sem grandes alterações em sua morfologia, o que sugere um bom nível de adaptação e evolução. Ocuparam diversos nichos ecológicos, desde os mares tropicais aos oceanos Ártico e Antárctico.
Estes seres providos de estrutura corporal hidrodinâmica são criaturas importantes em quase todos os ecossistemas marinhos. A quase totalidade dos tubarões é marinha, carnívora e pelágica, habitando águas costeiras e oceânicas da maioria dos mares e oceanos, quer na sua superfície, quer na sua profundidade.
São conhecidas cerca de 400 espécies em todo o planeta, cujos tamanhos podem variam entre os 0,10 m e os 18 m de comprimento.

Características

A pele dos tubarões é flexível e resistente, e eles costumam ter cinco fendas branquiais atrás da cabeça. A cauda é assimétrica e a coluna vertebral prolonga-se em seu lóbulo superior. Tem o esqueleto cartilaginoso. O crânio é uma caixa cartilaginosa; as mandíbulas se unem a ele por meio de simples ligamentos.
Tubarão. Carecem de bexiga natatória e se ficam imóveis, afundam. Também se alimentam de animais como focas, tartarugas, aves, baleias, caranguejos e grande variedade de peixes. A maior parte dos tubarões dá à luz crias grandes e bem desenvolvidas, em número máximo de 100 por vez. Embora as espécies sejam na maioria ovovivíparas, algumas são ovíparas e outras, vivíparas. O Tubarão-Gigante vive em média 25 anos, e pode nadar a uma velocidade de 44 km/h.

Dentes

A pele do tubarão é muito resistente e separada por diminutas escamas. Perto da boca, essas escamas se transformam em dentes de verdade. A dentadura é formada por seis ou sete fileiras paralelas de dentes (protegidas por dobras de mucosa), que perdem com freqüência ao cravá-los em suas presas, sendo logo substituídos por outros. Apesar da dentição perfeita, o tubarão engole a presa inteira, sem mastigar. Depois, o estômago se encarrega de rejeitar o que não é capaz de digerir. Os dentes servem só para segurar a vítima.

O matador

Os tubarões têm fama de carnívoros agressivos, matadores de gente, que chegam até a atacar membros de sua própria espécie, mas dois dos maiores (o tubarão-peregrino e o tubarão-baleia), são animais dóceis e se alimentam de plâncton.
Na realidade, alguns tubarões como o Tubarão Focinhudo (ou Azul) e o Tubarão Branco, são mesmo muito violentos e comedores de gente. Mas já existe uma substância química que jogada ao mar, mantêm esses peixes afastados, o que diminui o número de acidentes com nadadores, surfistas e outros.

Tubarão Branco

Habitat

Os tubarões vivem principalmente em mares quentes e temperados. São numerosos no Mar Vermelho, no Golfo do México e nas águas da Malásia e Austrália. Mas mesmo nos mares frios do Norte são encontradas algumas espécies. No entanto, alguns sobem os rios, como o Cabeça-Chata (Carcharhinus leucas), que chega até o Lago Nicarágua, na América Central.

Derivados do tubarão

Do tubarão aproveita-se a carne, nas espécies menores como: Cação-Lixa, Cação-Frango, Focinhudo (ou Tubarão-Azul), etc. A pele é usada como lixa ou na confecção de objetos. O fígado, que contém grande quantidade de óleo, é rico em vitamina A. Fabricam ornamentos com os dentes; e as nadadeiras servem como alimento.

Tubarão Azul

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

Conhecido também por Tubarão-Focinhudo, é um tubarão de alto-mar, muito voraz, que persegue cardumes de arenques e cavalas. Alcança até 3,5 m de comprimento. Pertence a família dos Carcarinídeos, e seu nome científico é Prionace glauca.

Tubarão Baleia

 http://www.contosdemochila.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Tubarao-baleia.jpg

É o maior tubarão que se conhece, pode alcançar 20 metros de comprimento. Nativo dos mares tropicais de todo o mundo. Alimenta-se de pequenos peixes e plâncton, os quais filtram da água por meio de suas longas fendas branquiais. Pertence a família dos Ricodontídeos, ordem do Lamniformes e seu nome científico é Rhincodon typus.

Tubarão Branco

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

É considerado o mais perigoso dos tubarões, chamado também de Anequim. Tem o focinho cônico, olhos negros e grandes dentes em forma de ponta de flecha. Os lóbulos superior e inferior da cauda são quase do mesmo tamanho e o corpo é azul ou castanho-acinzentado. Pertence a família dos Lamnídeos e seu nome científico é Carcharodon carcharias.

Tubarão Martelo

http://animais.culturamix.com/blog/wp-content/gallery/tubarao-martelo/foto-tubarao-martelo-01.jpg

Nome comum de aproximadamente dez espécies aparentadas de tubarões que vivem em mares tropicais e temperados. Duas grandes extensões planas e laterais da cabeça dão-lhes uma força hidrodinâmica que lhes permite girar com mais rapidez que outros tubarões. Pertence a família dos Esfurnídeos, ordem dos Galeiformes.

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